The Best Interest of the Intended Child – Children’s Rights in Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55073/2024.2.69-84Keywords:
best interest of the child, children’s rights, medically assisted, reproduction, surrogacyAbstract
This study examines the complex legal landscape of assisted reproduction, exploring the dynamic interaction between emerging reproductive technologies and established legal principles. It seeks to analyse the implications of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on traditional family constructs and the fundamental legal principle of the best interest of the child, thereby contributing to a nuanced understanding of how law can evolve in tandem with technological advancements while remaining anchored in core societal values. This study aims to offer a balanced perspective that acknowledges the benefits of ART in aiding family formation, while addressing the potential legal and ethical dilemmas it poses. It endeavours to bridge the gap between rapid technological advancements in reproduction and the slower pace of legal adaptation, offering insights into how the law can evolve to better accommodate these changes without compromising core family values and child welfare principles.
Downloads
References
Anastasiadou, S.D., Masouras, A., Papademetriou, C. (2023) ‘Attitudes toward Reproductive Tourism and Cross border reproductive care (CBRC): Legal, Economic, Ethical issues and dilemmas, possibilities and limitations’, International Conference on Tourism Research, 6, pp. 17–23; https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.6.1.1189.
Bączyk-Rozwadowska, K. (2017) ‘Aktualne problemy diagnostyki preimplantacyjnej w kontekście dążeń rodziców do realizacji projektu rodzicielskiego’, Białostockie Studia Prawnicze, 2(22), pp. 11–33; https://doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2017.22.02.01.
Barzó, T. (2022) ‘Hungary: the content of the right to parental responsibility’ in Sobczyk, P. (ed.) Content of the right to parental responsibility: Experiences – Analyses – Postulates. Miskolc–Budapest: Central European Academic Publishing, pp. 105–146; https://doi.org/10.54237/profnet.2022.pscrpr_5.
Bosch, L.C. (2018) In the Best Interest of the Child? On the justification for state restrictions on surrogacy. Utrecht: Utrecht University.
Chini, C. (2016) ‘Maternità surrogata: nodi critici tra logica del dono e preminente interesse del minore’, BioLaw, 2016/1, pp. 173–187; https://doi.org/10.15168/2284-4503-136.
Cohen, I.G. (2011) ‘Regulating Reproduction: The Problem with Best Interests’, Minnesota Law Review, 96, p. 423.
Elliston, S. (2012) ‘The welfare of the child principle and the use of PGD: selecting for disability’ in McLean, S.A.M., Elliston, S. (eds.) Regulating Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis. Routledge: New York, pp. 89–125.
Farin, T., Yousef, M.P., Ehsan, S.G., Mahmoud, A. (2014) ‘The study Ethical aspects of embryo and gamete donation from the four principles of medical ethics point of view’, Medical Ethics Journal, 8, pp. 153–182.
Goedeke, S. (2014) Understandings and experiences of embryo donation in New Zealand – a discursive analysis. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology.
Henriksson, J. (2016) Surrogatmoderskap – Lagstiftaren som moralisk vägvisare. En utredning ur ett intresseperspektiv. Lund: Lunds Universitet.
Horsey, K. (2017) ‘Challenging Presumptions: Legal Parenthood and Surrogacy Arrangements’ in Gilmore, S. (ed.) Parental Rights and Responsibilities. Routledge: London, pp. 287–312; https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315090085-15.
Ishii, T. (2018) ‘Reproductive Medicine Involving Mitochondrial DNA Modification: Evolution, Legality, and Ethics’, Reproductive Health, 4(1), pp. 88–99; https://doi.org/10.33590/emjreprohealth/10311157.
Khorshid, A., Alvero, R.J. (2020) ‘Consenting and ethical considerations in embryo cryopreservation’, Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 32(5), pp. 380–384; https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000653.
Neofytou, A. (2018) A Comparative Socio-Legal Analysis of Responses to Surrogacy in Greece and the UK. Kent: University of Kent; https://doi.org/10.22024/UniKent/01.02.48728.
Norrie, K.M. (2016) ‘English and Scottish adoption orders and British parental orders after surrogacy: welfare, competence and judicial legislation’, Child and Family Law Quarterly, 29(1), pp. 93–111.
Øivind, F. (2014) ‘The ethical challenges of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD): A fundamental ethical aspect of the Declaration of Helsinki’, Diaconia, 5(1), pp. 3–9; https://doi.org/10.13109/diac.2014.5.1.3.
Ombelet, W., Van Robays, J. (2015) ‘Artificial insemination history: hurdles and milestones’, Facts Views and vision in ObGyn, 7(2), pp. 137–143.
Pennings, G. (1999) ‘Measuring the welfare of the child: In search of the appropriate evaluation principle’, Human Reproduction, 14(5), pp. 1146–1150; https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.5.1146.
Petrushko, M., Piniaiev, V., Yurchuk, T. (2021) ‘The history of assisted reproductive technologies: from prohibition to recognition’, History of science and technology, 11(2), pp. 315–328; https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-315-328.
Pikramenou, N. (2014) Reproductive tourism in Europe: legal and ethical issues: the cases of Sweden and Greece. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
Reece, H. (1996) ‘The Paramountcy Principle: Consensus or Construct?’, Current Legal Problems, 49(1), pp. 267–304; https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/49.1.267.
Sartin, J.S. (2004) ‘J. Marion Sims, the Father of Gynecology: Hero or Villain?’, Southern Medical Journal, 97(5), pp. 500–505; https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200405000-00017.
Stanić, G.K. (2015) ‘Comparative Analysis of ART in the EU: Cross-border Reproductive Medicine’, Medicine law and society, 8(1), pp. 5–23; https://doi.org/10.18690/8.5-23(2015).
Steptoe, P.C., Edwards, R.G. (1978) ‘Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo’, The Lancet, 312(8085), p. 366; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140–6736(78)92957-4.
Tan, S.H. (2019) ‘Surrogacy, child’s welfare and public policy in adoption applications: UKM v Attorney-General’, Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 2019, pp. 263–273.
Trowse, P. (2013) ‘Surrogacy - competing interests or a tangled web?’, Queensland Lawyer, 33(3), pp. 199–209.
UN General Assembly (1989) ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child’, United Nations, Treaty Series, 20 November [Online]. Available at: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en (Accessed: 14 October 2024).
Vanderzwalmen, P., Ectors, F., Panagiotidis, Y., Schuff, M., Murtinger, M., Wirleitner, B. (2020) ‘The Evolution of the Cryopreservation Techniques in Reproductive Medicine—Exploring the Character of the Vitrified State Intra- and Extracellularly to Better Understand Cell Survival after Cryopreservation’, Reproductive Medicine, 1(2), pp. 142–157; https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed1020011.
Vij, S. (2015) ‘UNILU Centre for Comparative Constitution l Law and Religion’, Working Paper Series, 2015, pp. 2–31.
Walaszek, B. (1970) ‘Dobro dziecka jako przesłanka niektórych uregulowań kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego PRL’, Studia Prawnicze/The Legal Studies, 26–27, pp. 278–291; https://doi.org/10.37232/sp.1970.26-27.22.
Westreich, A. (2016) ‘Assisted Reproduction in Israel: Law, Religion and Culture’, Brill Research Perspectives in Family Law in a Global Society, 1(2), pp. 1–61; https://doi.org/10.1163/24058386-12340002.
Zermatten, J. (2010) ‘The best interests of the child principle: Literal analysis and function’, International Journal of Children’s Rights, 18(4), pp. 483–499; https://doi.org/10.1163/157181810X537391.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
